Composition Process Research Articles

Forced Migrations as a European Heritage and Resource for Enhancing Intercultural Cohesion

ABSTRACT Social identity theory argues that conflict between groups diminishes if they discover they have something important in common, and if they can build a new hybrid identity together. With this premise in mind, the article demonstrates how present-day experiences of refugees, displaced ethnic groups, political exiles, foreign-born workers, diasporic populations and other migrants may be incorporated into the existing body of predominantly national historical landscapes and stories addressing expulsions, exile and forced displacement experienced by European populations in the twentieth century. It is argued that we should look closer at the compositional processes and orchestration of migrant heritage in Europe as an inherently political concept that may both amplify and interfere with social cohesion. The article discusses the compositional strategies (grafting, bifurcation and suture) that loosen up the structure of representations and have been used experimentally by four cultural institutions in Italy, Spain, Germany and Poland. The article maintains that series of hands-on small- and middle-scale experiments and compositional adjustments may be highly instrumental in enhancing the value of the heritage of forced migrations, not only as a domain of conflicting academic interpretations, but also as a factor of intercultural cohesion in a broader perspective.

A novel approach to predict the effect of chemical composition and thermo-mechanical processing parameters on Cu–Ni–Si alloys using a hybrid deep learning and ensemble learning model

The study presents a novel hybrid deep learning and ensemble learning (DL-EL) model to predict the effects of chemical composition and thermo-mechanical processing on the properties of Cu–Ni–Si alloys. The model integrates various input parameters like chemical composition and thermo-mechanical processing parameters and aims to predict key output properties such as mechanical properties and electrical conductivity. This study addresses gaps in existing research by providing a comprehensive model for Cu–Ni–Si alloys and integrating thermo-mechanical processing parameters with chemical composition in the predictive model. The research demonstrates the model's superior predictive performance, with near-perfect R2 values on both training and test sets. The hybrid DL-EL model was compared with three other machine learning models and its efficacy was assessed using R2 value, offering new insights into the performance of these alloys. A feature importance analysis was conducted to identify the most influential features of the model. This work contributes to the material science field by providing insights into optimizing alloy composition and processing, leveraging machine learning to enhance material design.© 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Crystallization behavior of monoglyceride oleogels: A comparison between a fully hydrogenated palm oil and a fully hydrogenated rapeseed oil based monoglycerides

AbstractFat polymorphism plays a crucial role in many fat‐rich food products (e.g., margarine, chocolate). Due to this, polymorphism of triglycerides is widely investigated. During the previous years, the interest of using monoglyceride oleogels to replace margarine is increasing due to its structure, reduced amount of saturated fatty acids, stability and application potential. However, polymorphism of monoglyceride oleogels is less investigated. This research shows the effect of the composition (C18:0 or C18:0 and C16:0), temperature (25°C–20°C–10°C) and production process (static or lab‐scale scraped surface heat exchanger) on the crystallization behavior of monoglyceride oleogels (MO) by using differential scanning calorimetry, (synchrotron) X‐ray scattering and polarized light microscopy. Based on time‐resolved synchrotron WAXS, it was found that the rapeseed oil based MO (MO‐C18) occurred in four different polymorphs. During crystallization, transitions from an inverse lamellar phase (Lα) toward sub‐α1 and sub‐α2 could be established. Upon storage, a polymorphic transition toward β occurred. For the palm oil based MO (MO‐C18/C16), only two polymorphs were found during crystallization (Lα, sub‐α), followed by a polymorphic transition to β upon storage. By applying high shear and cooling rates during the production of MO‐C18 (dynamic production), the polymorphic transition from sub‐α2 to β occurred much faster compared to the static production method. When comparing the dynamically produced MO‐C18 and MO‐C18/C16, the thickness of 1 lamella, the crystal nanoplatelet and the fat crystals were smaller for MO‐C18/C16. This research clearly illustrates that the composition and the applied crystallization conditions have an impact on the properties from nano‐ to microscale.Practical Application: This research illustrates the importance of engineering monoglycerides oleogels to obtain food products with an improved nutritional balance. Hereby, the manuscript focuses on the crystallization behavior of monoglyceride oleogels by changing the composition and the crystallization procedure. The acquired insights go beyond the state of the art. It was found that applying high cooling rates and high shear rates by using a lab‐scale scraped surface heat exchanger affected the crystallization behavior of monoglyceride oleogels. These are crucial experiments to verify the application potential of monoglyceride oleogels in the food industry. Moreover, different polymorphic transitions occurred for the two types of monoglycerides. This is the starting point to investigate the effect of polymorphism on a final food product in order to improve the nutritional balance in fat‐rich food products.

Study on the influence of etchant composition and etching process on the precision of stainless steel microchannel and etching mechanism

T The chemical etching method has the advantages of high precision and low cost for the preparation of steel surface microchannel, but the composition of the etching solution and the etching process have a great influence on the precision of the microstructure. In this paper, the influence of etching solution composition and the etching time on the etching precision of stainless steel using a mixture of HCl and H2O2 as an etching solution was studied. The reactions and passivation processes that occurred during the etching process were analyzed. The etching mechanism was revealed. The sample prepared with HCl:H2O2=1:2 can obtain better etching precision and high dimensional stability. The amount of lateral erosion and the depth of etching increased with the increase of etching time, resulting in a decrease in the etching factor and precision. Pitting and intergranular corrosion mainly occurred during the etching process, and the loss of metal chloride formed in the process would form holes, which would become rapid diffusion channels for corrosive Cl and O elements, and promote the etching process. The etching reaction formed a passivation film on the surface of the substrate, which reduced the rate of the etching reaction.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Micro and nanoplastics pollution: A review on global concern and its impacts on ecosystems

AbstractIn recent decades, the ubiquity of micro and nanoplastics (MNPs) pollution has emerged as a global concern due to its potential risks to both ecological and human health. The detrimental effects of MNPs have resulted in significant changes in the physicochemical and biological properties of terrestrial soil and benthic sediment. These alterations have led to a disrupted nutrient cycle, potential future climate hazards, and further impacts on ecosystem services. This review aims to discuss the possible origins, composition, abundance, life cycle, and transport processes of MNPs in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. It seeks to understand the potential ecological and human health risks associated with MNPs pollution and explores their implications for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem services. Moreover, this review highlights the advanced analytical techniques used to detect and quantify MNPs. It further suggests policy frameworks to combat this pollution in natural environments. The findings of this review are intended to assist environmentalists, microbiologists, hydrologists, and policymakers in identifying scientific gaps and pragmatic solutions to reduce MNPs pollution. Future research should investigate the intake mechanism and impact of MNPs on plants in different ecosystems, as well as their effects on food chains and human health. This will ensure that the ecological and human health risks associated with MNPs pollution can be timely mitigated.

Comprehensive the seasonal characterization of atmospheric submicron particles at urban sites in the North China Plain

To comprehensively investigate the seasonal variations in submicron particles (PM1 = NR-PM1 + BC) composition, sources and chemical processes, an Aerodyne high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS), along with a multiangle absorption photometer (MAAP), was deployed to observe at urban sites in the North China Plain from October 1, 2015, to July 31, 2016. The PM1 average mass were 36.4 ± 39.0, 32.9 ± 20.7, 40.4 ± 52.4 and 99.0 ± 88.7 μg m−3 in spring, summer, autumn and winter, respectively. On the whole, the OA accounted for the largest component of PM1 during the four seasons, with the highest contribution in winter, accounting for 49% on average, followed by autumn (47%), spring (40%) and summer (31%). The secondary inorganic aerosol (SIA) mass concentration in summer was the lowest but contributed the most to PM1 in summer (62%), and it was higher than that in spring (46%), autumn (43%) and winter (41%). Positive matrix factorization (PMF) was used to differentiate the high-resolution mass spectra (HRMS) of organic aerosol (OA) into six factors, including two secondary OA (highly oxidized, low-volatility oxygenated organic aerosols (LV-OOA) and less oxidized, semi-volatile oxygenated OA (SV-OOA)) and four primary OA (including cooking-related OA (COA), hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA), biomass burning OA (BBOA) and coal combustion OA (CCOA)). OOA (LV-OOA + SV-OOA) exhibited the highest OA loading in summer (59%), while POA (CCOA + COA + HOA) exhibited the highest OA loading in winter (62%). The OA exhibited similar bimodal diurnal patterns during the four seasons, the nitrate and sulfate seasonal diurnal variations slightly differed, and the peak value occurred at night in winter and in the morning during the other seasons. The trend of the LV-OOA and SV-OOA diurnal variation in spring, autumn and winter appeared small difference, and the summer vary differently compared to other seasons. However, the diurnal mass concentration in winter was much higher than other seasons. The COA diurnal pattern peaked at noon and at night during the four seasons, corresponding to the peak hours of dining activities. The HOA, BBOA and CCOA seasonal diurnal patterns showed low concentrations during the daytime and high concentrations at night. OA on HPD was 6, 7 and 7 times higher than that on CD in spring, autumn and winter. The SIA concentration significantly increased on HPD in spring (69.3 μg m−3, 52%), autumn (80.6 μg m−3, 50%) and winter (82.4 μg m−3, 43%). The organic nitrate average mass concentrations were 0.6 ± 0.5, 0.7 ± 0.2, 0.8 ± 1.2 and 2.5 ± 2.3 μg m−3 in spring, summer, autumn and winter, respectively. The organic nitrate diurnal pattern appeared at night was higher than that during the daytime in spring, autumn and winter. The opposite diurnal pattern emerged in summer. The average mass concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) during the entire observation period reached 73.2 ± 154.2 ng m−3, and the seasonal average mass were 30.4 ± 30.6, 10.7 ± 4.0, 40.5 ± 10.3 and 220.3 ± 246.7 ng m−3 in spring, summer, autumn and winter, respectively. The highest diurnal values in spring, summer, autumn and winter were 44.2, 11.7, 71.6 and 366.8 ng m−3, respectively.

Material Properties and Structure of Al-Mg-Si Alloy Thin-Walled Profiles with Different Alloy Compositions and Aging Processes

Thin-walled Al-Mg-Si alloy profiles with different compositions and aging states were prepared using the heating and extrusion process. The properties and structure of the profiles were then investigated using a metallographic microscope, scanning electron microscope, projection electron microscope, and universal testing machine. The results show that the yield strength and tensile strength of the profile increases with the increase in total Mg + Si content, and ductility is reduced. If the total Mg + Si content is too high or too low, the crush performance of the material would decrease. Compared with the under-aged and near-peak-aged states, the three types of AI-Mg-Si alloy thin-walled profiles at the over-aged state have better effective energy absorption during crushing and higher bending angle; however, the tensile strength of the profile is optimal at the near-peak-aged state. The effects of alloy composition and aging process on material strength and crushing energy absorption are mainly attributed to the grain structure and differences in precipitation. For coarse grain structures, the grain boundary precipitate free zones are wider, which decreases the profile ductility. Simultaneously, an increase in primary strengthening phases in the grains would increase the profile strength.

TECHNOLOGY OF ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY FERMENTED MILK PRODUCT A NEW GENERATION FOR SPECIAL NUTRITION

This research work is devoted to the problems of using mare's milk in the development of a new variety of lactic acid products for special feeding of people in special working conditions.This article presents the results of experimental studies carried out on the development of technological parameters and modes, component composition and technological process of production of freeze-dried milk products of high biological value for special nutrition, produced on the basis of Mare's milk using new bio-facilities and plant ingredients. The purpose of the work is to develop and improve the technology of freeze - dried milk drink made on the basis of Mare's milk, intended for special nutrition. The scientific novelty of the project was the study of the quality indicators and technological properties of Mare's milk of the Pavlodar region. The yeast and its concentration, which provide the necessary probiotic properties of the lactic acid drink, are selected. For Special Nutrition, a new method has been developed to enrich the lactic acid product made from Mare's milk with a plant composition that forms the organoleptic properties and type. The component composition and technological process for the production of a fresh freeze-dried milk product of high nutritional and biological value for Special Nutrition has been developed and optimized. In the laboratory conditions of the Department of" Biotechnology", recipes of new types of lactic acid products made of Mare's milk for special nutrition were tested, and saal corsets of finished products were studied.

Fine tuning of Nb-incorporated TiO2 thin films by atomic layer deposition and application as efficient electron transport layer in perovskite solar cells

Access to finely tuned thin films that can act as electron transport layer (ETL) and adapt to the absorber composition and whole cell fabrication process is key to achieve efficient perovskite-based solar cells. In this study, the growth of mixed niobium-titanium oxide (Nb-TiO2) thin films by atomic layer deposition and its use to extract photogenerated electrons is reported. Films were obtained at 200 °C from titanium (IV) i-propoxide, (t-butylimido)tris(diethylamido)niobium(V), and water by introducing Nb2O5 growth cycle in a TiO2 matrix. Process parameters (order of precursor introduction, cycle ratio) were optimized; the growth mechanism and the effective Nb incorporation were investigated by an in situ quartz crystal microbalance and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The composition, morphology, structural, and optoelectronic properties of the as-deposited films were determined using a variety of characterization techniques. As a result, a fine control of the film properties (between TiO2 and Nb2O5 ones) could be achieved by tuning Nb content. To allow a successful implementation in solar devices, a comprehensive annealing study under several conditions (temperatures, various atmospheres) was conducted leading to an evolution of the optical properties due to a morphological change. Ultimately, the incorporation of these 15 nm-thick films in mesoscopic perovskite solar cells as ETL shows an improvement of the cell performances and of their stability with increasing Nb content, in comparison of both TiO2 and Nb2O5 pure compounds, reaching power conversion efficiency up to 18.3% and a stability above 80% of its nominal value after 138 h under illumination.

Ферментативное разжижение и характеристика пюре из плодов Mangifera laurina Blume

The fruit Mangifera laurina Blume lacks sufficient research attention, with no literature available on its physicochemical properties, proximate nutritional composition, carotenoid content, or enzyme liquefaction process. Therefore, we aimed to optimize the parameters for enzymatic liquefaction of M. laurina puree and comprehensively analyze its characteristics.
 Homogenized pulp of M. laurina was treated with different enzymes (Pectinex Ultra SPL, Celluclast, Fungamyl, and Termamyl). Pectinex Ultra SPL was selected as the most effective enzyme as it significantly decreased viscosity and increased juice yield. Pectinex Ultra SPL was then used to treat the homogenized pulp at different concentrations (0–4.0%), different incubation times (0–2.5 h), and different incubation temperatures (25–60°C). We considered these parameters as independent variables and studied their effects on viscosity, juice yield, total soluble solids, pH, and color to establish optimum conditions for the enzymatic liquefaction of M. laurina pulp.
 The recommended enzymatic liquefaction conditions were set as 2.0% Pectinex Ultra SPL at 45°C for 2.0 h. The optimized enzyme-liquefied mango puree showed a noteworthy decrease in total carotenoids (174.15 ± 0.04 µg/100 g), crude protein, crude fat, and crude fiber, compared to fresh mango puree. However, enzymatic liquefaction provided the mango puree with higher contents of moisture and ash, better water activity, and higher juice yield, compared to fresh mango puree.
 Enzymatic liquefaction of fruit juice provides advantages in terms of improved digestion, increased yield, and enhanced economic profit. Its ability to enhance nutrient availability, increase extraction rates, and optimize production processes makes it a valuable technique in various food industries.

Live Biotherapeutic Products for the Prevention of Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection.

To review the efficacy, safety, and role of live biotherapeutic products (LBPs) in the prevention of recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (rCDI). A literature search was performed using PubMed and Google Scholar (through February 2024) with search terms RBX2660, SER-109, and fecal microbiota. Other resources included abstracts presented at recent conferences, national clinical practice guidelines, and manufacturers' websites. All relevant studies, trial updates, conference abstracts, and guidelines in the English language were included. Two LBPs were recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the prevention of recurrence in adults following antibiotic treatment for rCDI. Fecal microbiota, live-jslm is administered rectally as a retention enema, whereas fecal microbiota spores, live-brpk is given orally after bowel preparation. Several phase 2 and phase 3 clinical trials have established the safety and efficacy of these LBPs in reducing rates of rCDI compared with placebo. Patients with severe immunosuppression and those with inflammatory bowel disease were largely excluded from these trials. Live biotherapeutic products offer a similar mechanism to conventional fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) in preventing rCDI through microbiota restoration. The primary advantages of LBPs over FMT are their standardized composition and donor stool screening processes for transmissible pathogens. Bezlotoxumab is also available for the prevention of Clostridioides difficile infection; however, there are no clinical data available to compare the efficacy of LBPs with bezlotoxumab, and the benefit of simultaneous use of these preventative therapies is unclear. Live biotherapeutic products provide a safe and effective option for the prevention of rCDI and represent an improvement over conventional FMT. Additional studies are needed to further determine their place in therapy relative to bezlotoxumab and in the setting of immunosuppression and inflammatory bowel disease.

Optimization of Ink Composition and 3D Printing Process to Develop Soy Protein-Based Scaffolds

Inks based on soybean protein isolate (SPI) were developed and their formulations were optimized as a function of the ink heat treatment and the content of other biopolymers to assess the effects of protein–polysaccharides and protein–protein interactions. First, the rheological behavior of the inks was analyzed in relation to the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) concentration employed (20, 25, and 30 wt%) and, as a result of the analysis, the ink with 25 wt% PVA was selected. Additionally, sodium alginate (SA) and gelatin (GEL) were added to the formulations to improve the viscoelastic properties of the inks and the effect of the SA or GEL concentrations (1, 2, and 3 wt%) was studied. All inks showed shear thinning behavior and self-supporting abilities. Among all the 3D printed scaffolds, those with higher SA (3 wt%) or GEL (2 and 3 wt%) content showed higher shape fidelity and were selected for further characterization. Texture profile analysis demonstrated that the scaffolds prepared with previously heat-treated inks containing 3 wt% GEL showed the highest strength. Additionally, these scaffolds showed a higher water-uptake capacity profile.

Spatiotemporal dynamics of bacterioplankton communities in the estuaries of two differently contaminated coastal areas: Composition, driving factors and ecological process

Seasonal variations of environmental parameters usually lead to considerable changes in microbial communities. Nevertheless, the specific response patterns of these communities in coastal areas subjected to different levels of contamination remain unclear. Our results revealed notable fluctuations in the bacterioplankton community both seasonally and spatially, with seasonal variations being particularly significant. The diversity and composition of bacterioplankton communities in the estuaries varied significantly across seasons and between seas. Some bacterial phyla that were highly abundant in the dry season (e.g., Patescibacteria and Epsilonbacteraeota) were almost absent in the wet season. Furthermore, the network analysis revealed that the bacterioplankton networks were more complex during the wet season than in the dry season. In the wet season, the estuarine bacterioplankton network in the Yellow Sea region was more complex and stable, while the opposite was true in the dry season. According to the neutral community model, stochastic processes played a more significant role in the formation of bacterioplankton communities during the wet season than during the dry season. Estuarine bacterioplankton communities in the Yellow Sea region were more affected by stochastic processes compared to those in the Bohai Sea. In summary, in the estuaries of two differently contaminated coastal areas, the seasonal increase in nutrient levels enhanced the deterministic processes and network complexity of the bacterioplankton communities.

High temperature fracture behavior of 316L stainless steel-Inconel 718 functionally graded materials manufactured by directed energy deposition: Role of interface orientation and heat treatment

Investigation of functionally graded component consisting of stainless steel 316L (SS316L) and Inconel 718 superalloy (IN718) deposited by laser directed energy deposition (LDED) is presented here. Ambient as well as high temperature mechanical behavior is observed for as-deposited (AD) and for heat-treated (HT) states. The gradient sample was manufactured with the interface orientation parallel and perpendicular to the loading direction to understand the impact of this factor on the materials properties. The evolution of chemical composition, grain structure, phase transformations, and tensile properties at room and elevated temperatures, as well as creep behavior before and after heat treatment was determined. With use of digital image correlation (DIC) analysis, the effects of interface orientation and heat treatment on deformation and fracture mechanism was revealed. Results show that heat treatment smooths the chemical composition and mechanical deformation process, as characterized by the formation of an enhanced gradient diffusion zone in the IN718-rich region near the interface. Heat treatment impacts mechanical properties based on the orientation of the interface. Specimens with interfaces parallel to the load direction combine the strengths of both materials effectively. After HT, they exhibit enhanced mechanical performance, achieving an ultimate tensile strength of 973 MPa and 14% elongation at room temperature. Additionally, at elevated temperatures, the specimen demonstrates exceptional creep resistance, sustaining structural integrity for over 1700 h at 650 °C and 225 MPa. Sample orientation is shown a decisive effect on deformation and fracture mechanism, with the interface not consistently being the weakest point across various gradient samples.

Mobility and energy efficient services composition algorithm with QoS guarantee for large scale Cyber–Physical–Social Systems

Due to the mobile and random nature of services in cyber–physical–social systems (CPSSs), developing service composition approaches that ensure high availability, minimal energy consumption, and high quality of service (QoS) remains a complex challenge. Over the last two decades, several service composition approaches have been proposed in the literature to deal with this challenge. Nevertheless, the existing approaches have certain limitations, particularly in situations where services may move from one location to another, become unavailable due to intensive battery usage, encounter failures, or undergo a decline in quality. These limitations often arise because these approaches do not simultaneously integrate mobility, energy, and QoS constraints while defining the user’s movement in a random manner. In this paper, the learning-based swarm optimization-aware service composition algorithm (LS-SCA) is proposed to overcome the aforementioned shortcoming. This approach surpasses existing ones by accounting simultaneously for the user’s mobility, energy, and QoS criteria during the service composition process. First, the Small World in Motion (SWIM) mobility model is employed in this study to determine the user’s mobility traces, avoiding the random generation of users’ traces. Second, an energy consumption model is proposed to increase the energy efficiency by avoiding the overuse of the devices’ batteries that can reduce the availability of services and lead to the composition failure. Third, the two-phase learning-based swarm optimizer (TPLSO) method is used in the composition process to find the sub-optimal composition that satisfies the global QoS constraints with the highest utility in terms of mobility, energy, and QoS. Unlike the most existing metaheuristic-based service composition approaches where the overall composition population is improved over a given number of iterations, the TPLSO method is exploited in this paper to improve only a subset of compositions, which reduces the composition time and increases the QoS utility of the composition. The simulation scenarios using two real datasets demonstrate that the LS-SCA approach outperforms six baselines in terms of energy consumption, QoS utility, and availability of composition. This notable performance makes the proposed approach more suitable for real-world applications where energy efficiency, QoS, and availability are crucial factors to consider.

Abstract 6692: Intermittent fasting-remodeled gut microbiota improves anti-tumor immunity in pancreatic cancer

Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has become the third leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States with high resistance to therapies, presentation at late stages and aggressive biology. Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer therapy by offering survival benefit in many solid malignancies, however, it is still not effective in pancreatic cancer. Host factors are crucial modulators of responses to immunotherapy. The roles of gut microbiome in modulating the immune system and determining cancer outcomes have been well established. Eating patterns can alter the gut microbiota and metabolic output, both of which affect anti-tumor immune responses. Intermittent fasting (IF), a form of dietary restriction which is characterized by limited feeding with unlimited calorie consumption during a certain time window. IF has been shown to affect gut microbiota composition, modulate immunity, and metabolic processes. Despite the well-known beneficial role of fasting in pancreatic conditions, including pancreatitis and diabetes, its effect in the treatment of pancreatic cancer has not been explored. Our study found that IF reverses immunotherapy resistance in PDAC. IF can reshape gut microbiota composition and reprogram the metabolism of host. We found that IF improves anti-tumor immunity through modulating gut microbiota. Depletion of gut microbiota can abrogate the beneficial effect of IF on anti-tumor response, while fecal microbiota transplantation from mice exposed to IF can sensitize the anti-tumor effects of immunotherapy. Using 16S rRNA sequencing, metabolic profiling and transcriptomic sequencing, our findings elucidate the mechanism of IF-remodeled gut bacteria influencing metabolic molecules which drive immune cells activation. Our study suggests that IF-based interventions have potential utility for the prevention and treatment of PDAC. Citation Format: Le Li, Vidhi Chandra, Olivereen Le Roux, Rian Morgan Howell, Virginia Tahan, Nagireddy Putluri, Joseph Petrosino, Arun Sreekumar, Jay K. Kolls, James White, Florencia McAllister. Intermittent fasting-remodeled gut microbiota improves anti-tumor immunity in pancreatic cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 6692.

L’infini s’abouchant avec le fini : la poétique labyrinthique d’Henri Michaux

The infinite merging with the finite: the labyrinthine poetics of Henri Michaux This paper examines how the figure of the labyrinth helps us to grasp the particular writing of Henri Michaux. Based on a reading of Déplacements, dégagements, it will show how the aesthetic experience of wandering arises from compositional processes of the multiple. This double perspective, both poetic and aesthetic, allows us to grasp the specificity of labyrinthine wandering, which suggests the infinite within a structure that is however finite. It is not the absence of any signification, but the multiplication and proliferation of significant data, that produces wandering. Confronted with this multiplicity, the reader is not confined to a passive state of reception, but actively projects a trajectory in order to give meaning on all his perceptual details, even if this meaning remains unstable.

Rehydration under extreme drought conditions affected rhizosphere microorganisms more than bulk soil in broomcorn millet farmland

Rehydration is a primary adaptation strategy for alleviating the detrimental effects of drought on crop growth. However, the effects of rehydration on microbial communities in various compartments under drought conditions remain poorly understood. Herein, we explored the response patterns of bacterial and fungal community composition, diversity, ecological network, and assembly process in the bulk soil and rhizosphere of broomcorn millet farmland at 5, 10, 20, and 30 days after rehydration during drought conditions. Compared to drought, rehydration significantly decreased the organic matter (OM), total nitrogen (TN), available potassium (AK), available phosphorus (AP), nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N), and ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) contents in rhizosphere, but had no obvious influences on the OM and TN contents in bulk soil on the four sampling days. In the rhizosphere of broomcorn millet field, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria were enriched in drought condition, but Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were enriched in rehydration regime. Compared to drought, the relative abundances of Eurotiomycetes, Dothideomycetes, Mortierellomycetes, and Leotiomycetes were enhanced, but Sordariomycetes was reduced on the 5th and 10th days after rehydration. Rehydration increased the bacterial and fungal observed ASVs and Shannon index in the rhizosphere to varying degrees, but had little effect on the bulk soil. Null-model analysis indicated that rehydration deceased the stochastic process of fungal communities in the bulk soil, whereas had no influence on deterministic process of bacterial community in the bulk soil and rhizosphere. More importantly, rhizosphere properties had a greater impact on the bacterial and fungal community composition, diversity, and assembly process than bulk soil. Network analysis revealed that rehydration improved the interconnected taxa in the rhizosphere bacterial network, but reduced microbial interactions in the rhizosphere fungal network compared to drought. This work provides a theoretical foundation for elucidating the role of rehydration regime in governing the ecological services of microbiome of broomcorn millet farmland under drought conditions.

Water masses influence the variation of microbial communities in the Yangtze River Estuary and its adjacent waters.

The Yangtze River estuary (YRE) are strongly influenced by the Kuroshio and terrigenous input from rivers, leading to the formation of distinct water masses, however, there remains a limited understanding of the full extent of this influence. Here the variation of water masses and bacterial communities of 58 seawater samples from the YRE and its adjacent waters were investigated. Our findings suggested that there were 5 water masses in the studied area: Black stream (BS), coastal water in the East China Sea (CW), nearshore mixed water (NM), mixed water in the middle and deep layers of the East China Sea (MM), and deep water blocks in the middle of the East China Sea (DM). The CW mass harbors the highest alpha diversity across all layers, whereas the NM mass exhibits higher diversity in the surface layer but lower in the middle layers. Proteobacteria was the most abundant taxa in all water masses, apart from that, in the surface layer masses, Cyanobacterium, Bacteroidota, and Actinobacteriota were the highest proportion in CW, while Bacteroidota and Actinobacteriota were the highest proportion in NM and BS; in the middle layer, Bacteroidota and Actinobacteriota were dominant phylum in CW and BS masses, but Cyanobacterium was main phylum in NM mass; in the bottom layer, Bacteroidota and Actinobacteriota were the dominant phylum in CW, while Marininimicrobia was the dominated phylum in DM and MM masses. Network analysis suggests water masses have obvious influence on community topological characteristics, moreover, community assembly across masses also differ greatly. Taken together, these results emphasized the significant impact of water masses on the bacterial composition, topological characteristics and assembly process, which may provide a theoretical foundation for predicting alterations in microbial communities within estuarine ecosystems under the influence of water masses.

Oxygen-dependent biofilm dynamics in leaf decay: an in vitro analysis

Biofilms are important in the natural process of plant tissue degradation. However, fundamental knowledge of biofilm community structure and succession on decaying leaves under different oxygen conditions is limited. Here, we used 16S rRNA and ITS gene amplicon sequencing to investigate the composition, temporal dynamics, and community assembly processes of bacterial and fungal biofilms on decaying leaves in vitro. Leaves harvested from three plant species were immersed in lake water under aerobic and anaerobic conditions in vitro for three weeks. Biofilm-covered leaf samples were collected weekly and investigated by scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that community composition differed significantly between biofilm samples under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, though not among plant species. Over three weeks, a clear compositional shift of the bacterial and fungal biofilm communities was observed. The alpha diversity of prokaryotes increased over time in aerobic assays and decreased under anaerobic conditions. Oxygen availability and incubation time were found to be primary factors influencing the microbial diversity of biofilms on different decaying plant species in vitro. Null models suggest that stochastic processes governed the assembly of biofilm communities of decaying leaves in vitro in the early stages of biofilm formation and were further shaped by niche-associated factors.